![]() ![]() Look keenly at it and you will penetrate to the very shine of art. ‘ Fine Craftsmanship is all about you, but you might not notice it. The effect that the this complex art work had on a person viewing them is the same has was in the middle ages evidenced by the words of Giraldus Cambrensis who traveled to Ireland 1185 commenting on the manuscript he saw which may have been the Book of Kells. Here and there through the course of its 339 leaves, a sentence blooms into full page illumination” (Meggs 43). Containing “o ver 2,100 ornate capitals make every page of visual delight. Calkins “The Book of Kells manifests the most complex from of Insular ornament to survive.” He goes to elaborate on this point further by stating the book the of Kells as being “the fullest development of Insular tradition of illumination.” (Calikns 78)The art work was not limited to the illustrations but was incorporated to the text of the book as well. To barrow the words of art historian Robert G. This manuscript happens to provide the finest surviving of Insular artwork to within found with in any of manuscript of it’s day. The Four Evangelists as depicted in the Book of Kells ![]() Matthew is shown as an angel, Mark as a winged lion, Luke as a wing ox, and John as an eagle. As demonstrated in the page of the four Evangelists were they not depicted as men but, as supernatural figures based on their symbols. Meggs “is abstract and extremely complex geometric linear patterns weave, twist, and fill a space with thick visual textures and bright, pure colors are used in close juxtaposition.” (Meggs 41) Other aspects of the of Insular art include the use of zoomorphic or anthropomorphic imagery in the depiction religious figures. The Insular style as described by Philp B. The art style know as the Insular style originating in the Ireland and to illuminated manuscripts by the Celtic monks. Within the Book of Kells there is are many visual elements including the calligraphic script and the illuminated illustrations that belong to a unique type of art style that distinguishes the book and others like it to certain time and place. The Book of Kells is one of the best surviving examples of a religious illuminated manuscript of the medieval period and of a unique visual created during that period in time. Both of these of ideas can be used in determining the Book of Kells lends itself more to design or art. In order for an art to be beautiful the ascetics the defining factor regardless of the of the ideas, subject matter or elements of the art work. Kant’s ideas on the other hand are less focused on creating a standard and more about the more the feelings joy and pleasure an artwork beings to the person viewing it. ![]() The empiricist philosopher David Hume thoughts on art as summarized has the need to establish a standard of quality for comparing works and measuring tastes. Both are sides represented enlightenment thinkers David Hume and Immanuel Kant each consider what is aesthetically pleasing in different ways. To understand whether an illuminated manuscript such the the book of Kells should be consider more as a work of art or as functional design differentiating standards for art should be utilized to avoid confusion. To answer this question it necessary to bear in mind the historical context that the book written in when referring to scholarly opinions to determine whether the should be considered art or design. In the realms of both art and design another question regarding the Book of Kells that can asked is whether it should be considered as purposeful design, as a work of art or both. Part of the reason for the uncertainty behind the Book of Kells is that is incomplete with to two unfinished pages and an unknown amount of missing pages out of a manuscript that has three hundred thirty plus pages of which that are known. Other theories propose that the book was written later completely within Ireland. Some argue it was first written in 800 AD in the monastery of Iona and then moved to Ireland possible to the town of Kells from which the book takes its name. With in the circle of art historians there is debate as to when and where the book was original written. The Book of Kells is an illuminated manuscript that has controversy and unanswered questions surrounding it. ![]()
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